Basic Enumeration Commands

Command Result
hostname Prints the PC's Name
[System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version Prints out the OS version and revision level
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn Prints the patches and hotfixes applied to the host
ipconfig /all Prints out network adapter state and configurations
set Displays a list of environment variables for the current session (ran from CMD-prompt)
echo %USERDOMAIN% Displays the domain name to which the host belongs (ran from CMD-prompt)
echo %logonserver% Prints out the name of the Domain controller the host checks in with (ran from CMD-prompt)

Also systeminfo

Checking Defenses

netsh advfirewall show allprofiles

Windows defender check (from CMD):

sc query windefend

Various info on protection:

Get-MpComputerStatus

Using qwinsta

qwinsta

Network information